1.1 Meaning and Definition of Psychology (Notes)

Meaning of Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes. Behaviour includes observable activities such as speaking, learning, working, smiling and interacting with others. Mental processes refer to internal experiences such as thinking, remembering, perceiving, feeling, imagining and decision-making.

The word “psychology” originates from two Greek words: psyche, meaning soul or mind, and logos, meaning study or knowledge. Therefore, psychology was originally understood as the study of the soul. Its meaning gradually changed as psychologists adopted scientific methods for studying human and animal behaviour.

Definitions of Psychology

According to William James, psychology is the science of mental life, including its conditions and phenomena. John B. Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of observable behaviour. A widely accepted modern definition describes psychology as the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes.

Psychology examines how individuals think, feel and act in different situations. It uses systematic observation, experimentation, testing and analysis to develop reliable knowledge. It also studies how biological, social, emotional and environmental factors influence behaviour.

Psychological knowledge is applied in education, healthcare, counselling, industry, sports and social relationships. It helps psychologists describe, explain, predict and influence behaviour for individual and social well-being.

 

 

 

Key Points to Remember

• Psychology is a scientific discipline.
• It studies behaviour and mental processes.
• Behaviour may be observable, while mental processes are internal.
• Psychology uses systematic and objective research methods.
• It helps describe, explain, predict and influence behaviour.