Meaning of Culture

Culture is one of the fundamental concepts of sociology. It refers to the learned and shared way of life of the members of a society. It includes the ideas, beliefs, values, norms, customs, language, knowledge, art, morals and patterns of behaviour that people acquire as members of society.

The word culture comes from the Latin word cultura, meaning cultivation or improvement. In sociology, however, culture has a much broader meaning. It includes both the material and non-material aspects of social life. Material culture consists of physical objects created and used by people, such as houses, clothing, machines, tools and technology. Non-material culture includes beliefs, values, language, customs, traditions and social norms.

Culture is not inherited biologically. Individuals learn it through the process of socialization from family, educational institutions, peer groups, religion, media and other social institutions. It is also transmitted from one generation to another, providing continuity to society.

Culture guides human behaviour by telling people what is considered acceptable, desirable or inappropriate. Although members of a society share culture, cultures differ across societies and also change over time.

Thus, culture provides people with a common framework for understanding the world, interacting with others and maintaining social life.

 

Key Points to Remember

• Culture means the learned and shared way of life of a society.
• It includes both material and non-material elements.
• Culture is acquired through socialization, not biological inheritance.
• Language, beliefs, values, norms and customs are important elements of culture.
• Culture is shared, transmitted and dynamic.
• It guides and regulates human behaviour.
• Culture provides social identity and continuity.
• Different societies may have different cultural patterns.