Following the 9/11 attacks in the United States (2001), Pakistan emerged as a key ally of the U.S. in the Global War on Terror. Under the leadership of General Pervez Musharraf, Pakistan joined the U.S.-led coalition against Al-Qaeda and the Taliban, abandoning its earlier support for the Afghan Taliban regime.

Pakistan provided logistical support, intelligence sharing, air bases, and conducted military operations in tribal areas to dismantle terrorist sanctuaries. The alliance brought economic aid and debt relief, but also embroiled Pakistan in internal conflict.

Major consequences included:

• Military operations (e.g., Rah-e-Rast, Rah-e-Nijat, Zarb-e-Azb, Radd-ul-Fasaad)

• Rise in suicide bombings and terrorist attacks nationwide

• Emergence of Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP)

• Heavy civilian and military casualties

• International criticism and pressure, especially over Osama bin Laden’s killing in Abbottabad (2011)

Despite sacrifices, Pakistan faced trust deficits with the West, particularly the U.S. However, it also gained international recognition for its efforts in fighting terrorism.

Pakistan’s involvement remains complex—balancing security cooperation, domestic stability, and regional diplomacy, while grappling with the long-term impact of terrorism on its society and economy.