The Constitution of 1962 was Pakistan’s second constitution, promulgated on 8 June 1962 under President Ayub Khan, following the 1958 Martial Law and abrogation of the 1956 Constitution. It marked a significant shift by introducing a presidential form of government, replacing the earlier parliamentary system.

This constitution was drafted by a Constitution Commission formed in 1960 and was seen as a reflection of Ayub Khan’s vision of “controlled democracy”. The President was made the executive head of state and government, holding vast powers, including the authority to appoint ministers, dissolve the legislature, and issue ordinances.

Key features included:

• Presidential form of government

• Unicameral legislature (National Assembly)

• Indirect elections through Basic Democracies

• Islam declared as state religion

• Fundamental Rights restored (previously suspended under martial law)

• Judiciary allowed limited autonomy

• Provisions for Vice President, in case of vacancy

Though the 1962 Constitution restored civilian rule, it was criticized for being undemocratic, centralized, and for concentrating power in the President’s hands. After public protests and pressure, Ayub made amendments in 1963 and 1964 to accommodate political demands. It was abrogated in 1969 when Ayub Khan resigned and General Yahya Khan imposed martial law.