Terrorism has been one of Pakistan’s most critical internal security challenges since the early 2000s, especially following its role in the War on Terror post-9/11. Militant groups like the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, and foreign elements destabilized various regions, particularly FATA, KP, and Balochistan.

In response to the growing threat, the Pakistan Army launched Operation Zarb-e-Azb on 15 June 2014 under General Raheel Sharif, following a deadly attack on Karachi Airport. The operation targeted militant hideouts in North Waziristan, aiming to eliminate terrorism, dismantle infrastructure, and restore state writ.

Key outcomes included:

• Destruction of over 800 militant hideouts

• Death of thousands of terrorists, including high-profile commanders

• Seizure of large weapons caches

• Displacement of over a million civilians, who were later rehabilitated

The operation significantly reduced terrorist incidents, particularly in urban areas. It was followed by Operation Radd-ul-Fasaad (2017) to consolidate gains and eliminate residual threats across Pakistan.

Operation Zarb-e-Azb is considered a turning point in Pakistan’s counterterrorism efforts. However, analysts stress the need for long-term political, social, and economic reforms, especially in tribal areas, to sustain peace and prevent resurgence.