Pakistan-Afghanistan relations are shaped by geographic proximity, shared culture, and complex historical tensions. Since Pakistan’s independence in 1947, Afghanistan was the only country to oppose Pakistan’s entry into the United Nations, citing border issues related to the Durand Line.

Over the decades, relations have oscillated between cooperation and mistrust. During the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979–1989), Pakistan supported the Afghan Mujahideen with the help of the U.S. and played a key role in the Afghan refugee crisis, hosting millions of displaced people.

In the post-9/11 era, Pakistan became a frontline ally in the War on Terror, while also facing accusations of harboring militants. Tensions worsened due to cross-border attacks, refugee burden, and India’s growing influence in Afghanistan.

Pakistan has supported peace talks between the Taliban and the Afghan government, and welcomed the Doha Agreement (2020). Following the Taliban’s return to power in 2021, Pakistan has urged for international engagement but remains concerned about security spillovers and terrorist sanctuaries near the border.

For lasting peace and regional stability, both countries must pursue bilateral trust, border management, and joint anti-terrorism efforts, while respecting each other’s sovereignty and interests.